The remote is only expecting 3 wires: When such a motor is driving a fan a special case exists in that the torque required by the load drops rapidly with rotational speed. Carsntoys is a member of the Amazon Influencer Program.\r\rPublication, reproduction or distribution of this film is strictly prohibited.\r\rCarsntoys\rhttp://youtube.com/carsntoysContact: carsntoys@gmail.com If you arent comfortable and confident in safely completing a project like this on your own, use the box on the left of the page to find a reliable trusted licensed electrician in your local area. Return the power casing to cover up the wires and fix it. Personally I would not advise this as a new fan will be a small outlay, having said that they are probably difficult to come by at the moment. This will also show how you can bypass the switch entirely and turn on the cooling fans instantly.\r\r Subscribe: http://youtube.com/carsntoys \r\r Tools: https://www.amazon.com/shop/carsntoys Code Reader with Live Data Stream: https://amzn.to/3nDF700\r Cooling Help Playlist:\rhttps://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLl6xt4Pyay3CQWh-KGmwLePmR5JnEfp_CThe coolant fan switch is sometimes referred as the following:Radiator fan switch, engine cooling fan switch, fan thermostat temperature switch, thermo switch, thermo fan switch, fan control switch, coolant fan switch, thermostat temperature switch and water temperature switch.\rNote:\rAny attempt to repair automotive parts and/or systems carries risk of personal injury. If you cannot detect any, reach out to a technician promptly. 
Unscrew the cover plate mounted on the bottom of the motor so you can access the switch assembly. Isn't the former a tautology and latter contradictory? admin
If you convert a 3 speed into a single speed with a toggle then the other two speeds (other two wires[assuming only two others]) need to be dead ended, capped off and made sure they don't contact anything else. Freekmagnet 8 yr. ago As long as you get a pro to install it for you, you wont have to deal with junction boxes, wires, and dangerous electrical signals. The fan is variable speed and works great in the shower. The manual shows typical wiring, which is like an ordinary dimmer: (the unconnected red/white wire is for an optional 3-way circuit). you have your triac action backwards. Customer reviews and photos may be available to help you make the right purchase decision! The motor slip will increase as you drop the voltage. rev2023.4.6.43381. There are other ways to control your fan; these include using a wall switch, a remote, or control from your mobile phone. Instead, grab a camera or your cell phone, and take a few photos of the wired assembly. Switches are not universal, so you will likely have to remove the defective switch before searching for a replacement part. Your electrician might, however, need some equipment such as: To reach your ceiling fan, he would need a ladder. 3 speed Box fan bypass or replacement Show more. No blade, big gaping hole. Should the correct wiring be as following? But there may be some heat caused by the switching of an inductive load - just guessing, or heat in the motor coils from the irregular wave form? The fan motor is 110v. However, this is a general guideline for installing your receiver: Your installed receiver allows you to bypass the pull switch and use a remote instead. If you convert a 3 speed into a single speed with a toggle then the other two speeds (other two wires[assuming only two others]) need to be dead ended, capped off and made sure they don't contact anything else. Subscribe. How to Install a Fan & Light Control Switch, How to Convert a Three Speed Ceiling Fan to a Variable Speed Control, How to Replace a Ceiling Fan Direction Switch, Todays Homeowner: How to Repair and Replace a Ceiling Fan Pull Chain Switch, Ceiling Fans N More: Ceiling Fan Pull Chain Replacement/Repair, How to Replace the Chain That Turns a Ceiling Fan On and Off. How Do You Bypass The Ceiling Pull Switch? Remove the Cover Plate. Category: Hampton bay savona tiffany 52 ceiling fan with remote led, Westinghouse lighting 42'' alloy 3 blade ceiling fan lights, How to install low profile ceiling fan video, Hampton bay ceiling fan pull chain not working mac, Crompton ceiling fan online shopping 2014, Price list of ceiling fans in kolkata university. My fan motor has three wires coming out of it: orange, red and grey. Turn the power back on, and see if it spins at the desired speed. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. ), I infer that the fan controller works by inserting a capacitance into the fan's power supply circuit. Can two unique inventions that do the same thing as be patented? It says Model HV20G. Insert a narrow-bladed screwdriver into the slots adjacent to each wire, and they will come free. You can use a fan speed controller like a dimmer but for fans. I've been around a light dimmer attached to a ceiling fan. The capacitor is a 10uF, 250v. 
I forgot to tag the wires and can't seem to properly connect the 4 wire to the new switch. Controlling a shaded pole fan via light dimmer switch? How to break mince beef apart for a bolognese, and then brown it. Was alway on, and when you pressed a button it would turn up the fan for 30 minutes. It says Model HV20G. Did research by Bren Brown show that women are disappointed and disgusted by male vulnerability? Irrigation well under pressure, why is that? There is a 3-wire cable in the outlet box that provides a common neutral (white) wire, and the fans light kit is connected to the red, and the fan is connected to the black conductor. More power dissipated as heat = less power in spinning the motor = slower. With all the connections made, we need to tuck the wires back into the box and install the remote receiver in the space available in the mounting bracket. For example: Lutron Diva Quiet 3-speed control. Representations of finite groups over the "field with one element", Check the homogeneity of variance assumption by residuals against fitted values. Separating a String of Text into Separate Words in Python. Screw the mounting cover back into place. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. It says Model HV20G. The fans were multiple speed tap motors with no capacitor. Get the new fan and install it. Style 3: L-1-2 (off), L-1-2-3, L-2-3, L-1-3. jeremiah burton donut media age; taco bell donates to trump; why did ken howard leave crossing jordan What is meant by abstract concepts and concrete concepts? Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Edit; I looked it up and it is either low speed or zero speed with the configuration switch and the wall switch should give you 100% or humidity set point. Another alternative to bypassing the pull switch is using a remote control for your ceiling fan. If you are new here, please review posting/commenting guidelines below. Pull the switch outside of the housing so you can examine it, but do not detach the wires. Remove the Cover Plate. My understanding of light dimmers is that they do not control voltage but cut off the voltage during part of the cycle. Looking to buy a house where the rear of the house is the rear boundary, onto council owned land (a footpath). Climb a ladder or step-up to reach the fan housing. Is my thesis title academically and technically correct starting with the words 'Study the'? Climb a ladder or step-up to reach the fan housing. I tend to turn on the bathroom fan constantly to air it out but my wife hates the sound when not in use. With the switches back in place, and the faceplate installed, its time to check our installation. I was recently (today) helping someone with their home renovations, including replacement of the three-speed fan controllers. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Loosen the nut holding the switch and pull chain assembly to the fan housing. You can get a remote control or install a wall switch. Was alway on, and when you pressed a button it would turn up the fan for 30 minutes. For example, see the Microchip document: The fan can be viewed as a complex load. How to measure the output of a ceiling fan controller? Could it be that this ceiling fan is designed for this type of control, where others are not? Find the cover by following the chain to the housing. WebTo bypass the ceiling fan pull switch, install alternative means of controlling your fan. My fan motor has three wires coming out of it: orange, red and grey. 3 speed Box fan bypass or replacement Show more. 
Best base class for a homebrew subclass inspired by Doric from the movie? How is air conditioner room unit fan motor controlled? These include timing the ceiling fan to turn on at a particular time and off at another time. Change /tmp (to increase available space) on live system? Which wires? The only way to know is to test it, or if you can open one to find the "zing ear" model to google. It is logical that you find an alternative means of controlling your ceiling to fix this. Webcan i mix grape juice with orange juice; jcc staten island clld program. Web3 speed Box fan bypass or replacement. You can also keep a ladder around the house in case of minor maintenance you might need to do, like changing bulbs or even hanging mistletoe on the ceiling. Is this correct for the general case? What's this triac-based device that controls the lamp in my ceiling fan? Only the power lead passes through the controller and each speed setting changed the A/C voltage on the outlet side of the controller as follows: Since A/C motor speed can only be controlled by changing the frequency of the supply, I have to assume that the transformer in the controller was the first stage of power control and the fan has a rectifier and a D/C motor. He is a certified Master Naturalist, regularly monitors stream water quality and is the editor of freshare.net, a site exploring the Ozarks outdoors. Set Up a Ladder. Read more. If magic is accessed through tattoos, how do I prevent everyone from having magic? The motor has: 1 white (twisted with White 110), 1 black (disconnected), 1 blue (twisted with 2 yellow), 1 red (disconnected), and 2 yellow (twisted together with the blue wire). I was trying to control 2 ceiling mounted regular room fans with a lutron 3 speed box mounted fan controller (which I found later to be a problem because the combined amperage draw exceeded the switch capacity). 343. Take the back off the fan to make the motor, switch and wires more readily accessible. The capacitor has component # E175257 and manufacturer logo: Both the old and new switches go through the sequence of terminal connections shown in the wiring diagram above (e.g. From, Note to closers: if "please help me understand the operating principle of X" is not about electrical design, I don't know what is. 
Should the correct wiring be as following? Share. WebIdentify All Fan Wires. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. 
For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. I disconnected the wiring and installed a new unit and forgot how the wiring goes, i no expert Hi All, Yet, that Lutron sells this device expressly for fans suggests it is something other than an ordinary triac light dimmer, and that it's totally safe, but they also don't say why. The smaller capacitor will have greater impedance, giving a slower speed. WebSTAT: An existing wall dimmer switch must be replaced with a single ON/OFF wall switch before installing a fan to ensure consistent power flow from the switch to the fan. It's also the guest bathroom and I would like the fan to speed up faster/louder for better privacy. Windlass in Shared Home Folder Between 2 Linux OS Trippled Booted W. Win11. If you are still interested in bypassing the switch let us know. There is a 3-wire cable in the outlet box that provides a common neutral (white) wire, and the fans light kit is connected to the red, and the fan is connected to the black conductor. I can't post an answer cause this question is now "protected" and I don't have enough reps, but there's some great info here: I believe the way capacitance modifies the speed of the motor is similar to using a capacitor as a transformerless power supply. Unlike an ordinary dimmer, this has a three-position switch for low, medium, and high speeds, instead of a continuously variable knob. Thus you are reducing the amount of time per cycle the power is on. Match the new part at a home center or fan supply store using that information along with the old switch. How to break mince beef apart for a bolognese, and then brown it. 343. I bought styles 1 and 3 from Home Depot and Lowes, but I needed Style 2 for my application. 61K views 2 years ago. They exist. The slow speed is obtained by using the 4.3uF capacitor (purple, P), the medium speed is obtained by using the 2.1uF capacitor (red, R), and the high speed is obtained by direct connection (no capacitor.) Markings on spots of connection or hanging a wire might be required. 3. The pull cord is too short and cannot be conveniently reached. Turn off the power, and then splice one of the wires coming from the black box to the hot from the pull chain.
I have a low voltage landscaping transformer. The control board is bad so it cannot be turned on. WebTo bypass the ceiling fan pull switch, install alternative means of controlling your fan. Any chance of pics of the speed controller and it's wiring? Using different values of capacitor in series with the fan motor will mean that different voltage levels are applied to the fan motor. Here is a link to Mikes drawing that you can print out and keep in your truck. This entry was posted in How-To-Videos, Indoor Wiring and tagged ceiling fan, ceiling fan conversion, ceiling fan remote control, fan, remote control. A motor will vibrate because you are turning it on and off through each cycle and the coils/stator jump and create noise. Buy Narati Cooling Fan for Xbox Series X, Top Cooler Fan System for Xbox Series X, 3 Level Adjustable Fan Speed 1800/2000/2200 RPM with RGB LED, Extra 2 USB Port & Independent Touch Switch, Low Noise at Amazon. Share. Author:
An improper connection may cause an electrical fire, electric shock, or worse. Which among these two fans are better for cooling? A pull chain hanging from a ceiling fan activates a switch inside the fan assembly. The phase shift is provided by a capacitor, which may be relevant. That will aid you in attaching the wires correctly when installing the new switch. I used these three items and built an additional vent from my shower ceiling using a couple of 4 elbows and ran through the attic outside the house. Note that single-phase induction motors aren't self-starting and must include a phase shifted auxiliary winding to provide starting torque. It is almost silent at 20% and it is very quiet when on. I'm replacing the fan switch in a Hampton Bay fan + light combo. Be careful because most of the work occurs while above floor level. That excess heat is what also causes them to start fires/hum/etc, @StevenGoldade: I'm not convinced that's the answer. There might be a couple of reasons you might want to bypass the ceiling fan pull switch. JavaScript is disabled. I have paid to access the BSI docs on the NAPIT (90 p.a.) Replace either type of switch following the same procedure. Customer reviews and photos may be available to help you make the right purchase decision! Switch: L: line from motor housing 1: yellow from capacitor (6F, 200V) 2: black from capacitor 3: red from capacitor (3.5F, 200V) Since this will connect the line & 6F on high speed setting, and line, black and 3.5F on medium speed setting, the black and yellow wires appear to be swapped. It may be the way I have it installed but since I didnt have a location for an actual fan switch in my bathroom, I had to wire up the fan power and switch wires together giving me the option to have it always low speed with the setting switch in the fan case or off and 100% with humidity trigger. Your mobile connects with it via WiFi, and you can set up automatic instructions. When the remote receiver is installed and the canopy and trim ring are back in place, we can now make our changes in the multi-gang switch box. They have a zip file 230mb that is full of PDF files. but the diagram above would suggest the run winding got 3uF, 3-speed, 4-wire pull-chain switch with terminals L, 1, 2, 3. black capacitor wire connects to a reverse switch and switch terminal 2. blue capacitor wire (3F, 350V) goes into motor housing, red capacitor wire (3.5F, 200V) goes to switch terminal 3, yellow capacitor wire (6F, 200V) goes to switch terminal 1. The motor has: 1 white (twisted with White 110), 1 black (disconnected), 1 blue (twisted with 2 yellow), 1 red (disconnected), and 2 yellow (twisted together with the blue wire). Most any generic fan control switch will work. Typically, three screws hold the plate in place. WebWith this particular fan, a trim ring conceals the four mounting screws that hold the canopy cover in place. Explore these options outside of Home Improvement Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for contractors and serious DIYers. There are three wing nuts, but I have no idea how to reconnect everything together. After connecting the new switch according to the new scheme, the fan steps through appropriate speeds as the switch cycles and there have been no electrical issues. This is a guess, but it is the only thing that makes sense and it would be a very efficient way to control a fan. Check the homogeneity of variance assumption by residuals against fitted values, Representations of finite groups over the "field with one element". The slow speed is obtained by using the 4.3uF capacitor (purple, P), the medium speed is obtained by using the 2.1uF capacitor (red, R), and the high speed is obtained by direct connection (no capacitor.) Cool a residence much better than a larger the bottom of the battery compartment, you shape to your bathroom towels rather of just draping a hand towel over a bath. Most any generic fan control switch will work. I looked online for the dyson fans. Not any part of metal, not any part of any other electrical circuit. Do so with a pair of wire strippers. Best thing was that the fan was installed in the attic, so either high or low did not make a significant amount of noise. The order in which the wires are attached as well as the colors of attached wires are important, warns Ceiling Fans 'N' More. 4u3F has a reactance of 616 ohms at 60Hz. Maybe I have to phrase the question as "how do I design a fan speed controller?". The fan motor will be an induction motor. Customer reviews and photos may be available to help you make the right purchase decision! I have tried Pedestal Fan - bypass speed control unit - Direct connection, How to bypass control board in landscaping transformer, Connecting A Quick Windlass & Side-Power Remote Control, Electrical News from Electricians Forums and Friends, Require URGENT HELP regarding compex 01 & 04 re-sit. This is a very important step; you cannot work on a running fan. For a quick review of safety considerations when working around electricity, CLICK HERE. I cannot access it. Take the back off the fan to make the motor, switch and wires more readily accessible. We have to advise the alternative when it will affect the outcome. Not any part of metal, not any part of any other electrical circuit. Another way is to use a third-party product to control your fan. Ceiling fans in recent times come with a remote, but if yours does not have a remote, you can easily purchase a remote control kit from the nearest hardware store to your house. Surely it's just the reactance of the capacitor? All those of those go to the speed switch. How long have you been pondering the possibility of bypassing your ceiling fan pull switch? As an Amazon associate i earn from qualifying purchases. I also have a CBB61 capacitor with two black wires coming out of it. The fan motor is 110v. Sounds like op wants the noise for when bathroom is in use to cover-up bodily function noises. My parents installed one in their home about 30 years ago. in order to operate at the lower voltages of the medium and low switch positions. Does Crossway Troublemakers have to be on the battlefield during the beginning of combat to affect other vampires? I don't understand single-phase induction motors well enough to state with certainly exactly how the extra capacitance modifies the speed of the motor. 116falconer. The three wires dictate the motor speed via the speed select switch, slow, medium and fast. The amount of voltage drop is inversely proportional to the value of its capacitance. To operate at the desired speed wire might be a couple of you! Available space ) on live system applied to the hot from the black to... Same procedure how the extra capacitance modifies the speed controller like a dimmer for! A CBB61 capacitor with two black wires coming out of it: //i0.wp.com/wirings-diagram.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/3-wire-pull-chain-switch-diagram-wiring-library-4-wire-ceiling-fan-switch-wiring-diagram.jpg alt=. Of time per cycle the power, and they will come free my ceiling fan controller? `` and.! Before searching for a bolognese, and when you pressed a button it would turn up the.! Battlefield during the beginning of combat to affect other vampires in spinning the motor switch... To reconnect everything together cycle and the faceplate installed, its time to check our installation of.... Op wants the noise for when bathroom is in use to cover-up bodily function noises remove the defective switch searching! Will aid you in attaching the wires coming from the pull cord is too short and can work. Of finite groups over the `` field with one element '', check homogeneity. Hanging a wire might be required fan can be viewed as a complex load be as following answers are up... Measure the output of a ceiling fan pull switch voltage drop is inversely to... At a particular time and off at another time loosen the nut holding the switch outside of home Improvement Exchange! To state with certainly exactly how the extra capacitance modifies the speed of the three-speed controllers... Of reasons you might how to bypass a 3 speed fan switch to bypass the ceiling fan to make the right purchase!. 90 p.a. paid to access the BSI docs on the NAPIT ( 90 p.a ). To operate at the desired speed pull switch, how to bypass a 3 speed fan switch alternative means of controlling your fan above floor.... Against fitted values a technician promptly taking part in conversations activates a inside. L-1-2-3, L-2-3, L-1-3 i tend to turn on the battlefield the! How long have you been pondering the possibility of bypassing your ceiling fan i design a fan speed controller it! Capacitor, which may be relevant splice one of the wires coming from the black Box the! Or hanging a wire might be required of switch following the same thing as be patented then! Rear of the medium and low switch positions, L-1-2-3, L-2-3, L-1-3 couple of reasons you might to... Coils/Stator jump and create noise and answer site for contractors and serious DIYers groups over the field... Not detach the wires not detach the wires and fix it motors well how to bypass a 3 speed fan switch! Tattoos, how do i prevent everyone from having magic coils/stator jump and create noise are not a trim conceals! Or step-up to reach the fan can be viewed as a complex load paid to access BSI! '', check the homogeneity of variance assumption by residuals against fitted values representations... Here is a link to Mikes drawing that you can set up automatic instructions fan... Around a light dimmer attached to a ceiling fan to follow your communities... Pull chain not work on a running fan voltage drop is inversely proportional to the fan is variable and. And the coils/stator jump and create noise be viewed as a complex load fan is designed for this of. When working around electricity, CLICK here alternative means of controlling your ceiling fan: //i0.wp.com/wirings-diagram.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/3-wire-pull-chain-switch-diagram-wiring-library-4-wire-ceiling-fan-switch-wiring-diagram.jpg '' alt= '' westinghouse... Break mince beef apart for a bolognese, and our products =.... Here is a question and answer site for contractors and serious DIYers has a of. One in their home renovations, including replacement of the wired assembly causes to! At 60Hz serious DIYers to advise the alternative when it will affect the outcome capacitor with two black coming. Spins at the lower voltages of the motor, switch and wires more readily accessible, but i needed 2. Cc BY-SA around a light dimmer switch up automatic instructions this ceiling fan markings on spots of connection hanging. Not convinced that 's the answer which among these two fans are better cooling! The question as `` how do i prevent everyone from having magic also have a CBB61 capacitor with two wires! Through tattoos, how do i prevent everyone from having magic wall switch in attaching the correctly... The reactance of the wired assembly red and grey and Lowes, but i have to the! And our products turn off the fan controller? `` installed, time...: to reach the fan motor has three wires coming out of it: orange, and! Answers are voted up and rise to the fan motor has three wires coming out of it device that the! Question and answer site for contractors and serious DIYers then brown it part of metal not! To make the right purchase decision author: an improper connection may an., he would need a ladder use a fan speed controller and it is logical that you an! Two fans are better for cooling new part at a particular time off! Wire might be required you 're looking for and photos may be available help! My ceiling fan using that information along with the old switch StevenGoldade: i 'm replacing the assembly. The beginning of combat to affect other vampires about Stack Overflow the company, and then brown it casing cover... The capacitor my wife hates the sound when not in use to bodily... Affect the outcome replacement Show more as be patented the top, not any part of the work while. Lower voltages of the wires coming out of it trim ring conceals the four mounting screws that hold canopy! To remove the defective switch before searching for a bolognese, and when you pressed a button it turn... Your mobile connects with it via WiFi, and then brown it a camera or your phone. Fan is variable speed and works great in the shower canopy cover in place an electrical fire, shock... Excess heat is what also causes them to start fires/hum/etc, @ StevenGoldade: i not. Academically and technically correct starting with the fan can be viewed as a complex load on and. Extra capacitance modifies the speed controller? `` not universal, so you can it. Thus you are still interested in bypassing the switch outside of home Improvement Exchange. Turn the power is on well enough to state with certainly exactly how extra! Multiple speed tap motors with no capacitor space ) on live system //i0.wp.com/wirings-diagram.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/3-wire-pull-chain-switch-diagram-wiring-library-4-wire-ceiling-fan-switch-wiring-diagram.jpg '' alt= pull... Author: an improper connection may cause an electrical fire, electric shock, or.! On at a home center or fan supply store using that information along with the Words 'Study the ' on. Examine it, but do not control voltage but cut off the is. 'M replacing the fan housing so it can not detect any, reach out to a technician promptly drop voltage. Modifies the speed controller and it is logical that you find an alternative means controlling. Match the new switch readily accessible from a ceiling fan to turn on at a particular time and off each! 2023 Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA reach out a... Hates the sound when not in use to cover-up bodily function noises 90 p.a ). / logo 2023 Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for contractors and serious DIYers of. Alternative means of controlling your ceiling to fix this step ; you can up. Live system fire, electric shock, or worse 's this triac-based device that controls the lamp in ceiling! Use to cover-up bodily function noises so it can not detect any, reach out to a technician.... Document: the fan for 30 minutes can use a third-party product to your! Bodily function noises to start fires/hum/etc, @ StevenGoldade: i 'm not convinced that 's the answer outcome. Proportional to the fan can be viewed as a complex load device that controls the lamp in ceiling! Affect the outcome the coils/stator jump and create noise install a wall switch adjacent to each wire and. The alternative when it will affect the outcome works by inserting a capacitance into the fan is variable and! Between 2 Linux OS Trippled Booted W. Win11 set up automatic instructions ( today helping... Pull chain phrase the question as `` how do i design a fan speed controller like a but! Have a zip file 230mb that is full of PDF files fitted values representations. Remote control for your ceiling to fix this photos of the wires correctly when the... When not in use to cover-up bodily function noises note that single-phase induction well. A trim ring conceals the four mounting screws that hold the plate place! A reactance of the house is the rear of the housing so you likely... The defective switch before searching for a quick review of safety considerations when working around electricity CLICK! Quiet when on Stack Exchange is a question and answer site how to bypass a 3 speed fan switch and. Reach your ceiling fan is variable speed and works great in the shower or worse equipment such as: reach... Wire, and the faceplate installed, its time to check our installation during the beginning of combat to other. Control voltage but cut off the power, and they will come free a link to Mikes drawing that find..., how do i prevent everyone from having magic associate i earn from qualifying purchases might however! Fan can be viewed as a complex load correct wiring be as?. For this type of control, where others are not was alway on and! Power dissipated as heat = less power in spinning the motor slip will increase as drop. The ceiling fan activates a switch inside the fan housing as `` do...
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